@Article{信息:doi 10.2196 / / jmir.8.4。e28，作者=“El Emam, Khaled和Jabbouri, Sam和Sams, Scott和Drouet, Youenn和Power, Michael”，标题=“评估个人健康信息的常见去识别启发式”，期刊=“J Med Internet Res”，年=“2006”，月=“11”，日=“21”，卷=“8”，数=“4”，页=“e28”，关键词=“隐私;保密制度;HIPAA;安全;数据的披露;背景:随着电子病历越来越多地被采用，在观察研究中使用这种电子临床数据的需求越来越大。伦理委员会经常要求在观察性研究中二次使用个人健康信息的数据必须去识别。在《健康保险可携性和责任法案隐私规则》、资助机构和专业协会隐私指南以及常见实践中都提供了去识别启发式方法。目的:本研究的目的是评估在遵循常见的去识别启发式方法时，由于记录关联而导致的再识别风险是否足够低，以及在样本量和数据集上风险是否稳定。 Methods: Two methods were followed to construct identification data sets. Re-identification attacks were simulated on these. For each data set we varied the sample size down to 30 individuals, and for each sample size evaluated the risk of re-identification for all combinations of quasi-identifiers. The combinations of quasi-identifiers that were low risk more than 50{\%} of the time were considered stable. Results: The identification data sets we were able to construct were the list of all physicians and the list of all lawyers registered in Ontario, using 1{\%} sampling fractions. The quasi-identifiers of region, gender, and year of birth were found to be low risk more than 50{\%} of the time across both data sets. The combination of gender and region was also found to be low risk more than 50{\%} of the time. We were not able to create an identification data set for the whole population. Conclusions: Existing Canadian federal and provincial privacy laws help explain why it is difficult to create an identification data set for the whole population. That such examples of high re-identification risk exist for mainstream professions makes a strong case for not disclosing the high-risk variables and their combinations identified here. For professional subpopulations with published membership lists, many variables often needed by researchers would have to be excluded or generalized to ensure consistently low re-identification risk. Data custodians and researchers need to consider other statistical disclosure techniques for protecting privacy. ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/jmir.8.4.e28", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2006/4/e28/", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8.4.e28" }