@文章{信息:doi/10.2196/25759，作者=“尹家民与英扬，袁基与张学海”，标题=“人工智能应用在现实临床实践中的作用:系统综述”，期刊=“J Med Internet Res”，年=“2021”，月=“4”，日=“22”，卷=“23”，号=“4”，页=“e25759”，关键词=“人工智能”;机器学习;深度学习;系统实现;临床实践;背景:人工智能(AI)在医疗保健领域的应用正以前所未有的速度增长，包括疾病诊断、分诊或筛查、风险分析、外科手术等。尽管在医疗保健人工智能的开发和验证方面进行了大量研究，但在临床实践的第一线实际实施的应用很少。目的:本研究的目的是系统地回顾人工智能在现实临床实践中的应用。方法:我们在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Central和CINAHL进行了文献检索，以确定2010年1月至2020年5月期间发表的相关文章。我们还手工检索了主要的计算机科学期刊和会议以及注册的临床试验。 Studies were included if they reported AI applications that had been implemented in real-world clinical settings. Results: We identified 51 relevant studies that reported the implementation and evaluation of AI applications in clinical practice, of which 13 adopted a randomized controlled trial design and eight adopted an experimental design. The AI applications targeted various clinical tasks, such as screening or triage (n=16), disease diagnosis (n=16), risk analysis (n=14), and treatment (n=7). The most commonly addressed diseases and conditions were sepsis (n=6), breast cancer (n=5), diabetic retinopathy (n=4), and polyp and adenoma (n=4). Regarding the evaluation outcomes, we found that 26 studies examined the performance of AI applications in clinical settings, 33 studies examined the effect of AI applications on clinician outcomes, 14 studies examined the effect on patient outcomes, and one study examined the economic impact associated with AI implementation. Conclusions: This review indicates that research on the clinical implementation of AI applications is still at an early stage despite the great potential. More research needs to assess the benefits and challenges associated with clinical AI applications through a more rigorous methodology. ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/25759", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2021/4/e25759", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/25759", url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33885365" }