你的机器人治疗师现在就会看到你:卡塔尔世界杯8强波胆分析体现人工智能在精神病学、心理学和心理治疗中的伦理意义A Fiske,Amelia A Henningsen,Peter A Buyx,Alena +慕尼黑工业大学医学院医学历史与伦理研究所，Ismaninger Straße 22，慕尼黑，81675，德国，49 8941404041，a.fiske@tum.de %K人工智能%K机器人%K伦理%K精神病学%K心理学%K心理治疗%K医学%D 2019 %7 2019年9月5日背景:具身人工智能(AI)的研究在精神卫生服务的治疗应用中具有越来越大的临床意义。随着各种创新，从“虚拟心理治疗师”到痴呆症护理和自闭症障碍的社交机器人，再到性功能障碍的机器人，人工智能虚拟和机器人代理人正越来越多地承担高水平的治疗干预措施，而这些干预措施过去只能由训练有素的熟练卫生专业人员提供。为了实现负责任的临床实施，需要确定和处理在精神卫生中越来越多地使用具体人工智能的伦理和社会影响。目的:本文评估将具身人工智能应用于精神病学、心理学和心理治疗领域的精神卫生保健的伦理和社会影响。在此分析的基础上，它就如何解决当前和未来嵌入式人工智能应用中的伦理和社会挑战提出了一套初步建议。方法:基于专题文献检索和既定的医学伦理学原则，对精神病学、心理学和心理治疗领域当前体现的人工智能应用的伦理和社会方面进行分析。为了进行全面评价，分析围绕以下三个步骤进行:评估潜在利益;总体道德问题和关注的分析; discussion of specific ethical and social issues of the interventions. Results: From an ethical perspective, important benefits of embodied AI applications in mental health include new modes of treatment, opportunities to engage hard-to-reach populations, better patient response, and freeing up time for physicians. Overarching ethical issues and concerns include: harm prevention and various questions of data ethics; a lack of guidance on development of AI applications, their clinical integration and training of health professionals; ‘gaps’ in ethical and regulatory frameworks; the potential for misuse including using the technologies to replace established services, thereby potentially exacerbating existing health inequalities. Specific challenges identified and discussed in the application of embodied AI include: matters of risk-assessment, referrals, and supervision; the need to respect and protect patient autonomy; the role of non-human therapy; transparency in the use of algorithms; and specific concerns regarding long-term effects of these applications on understandings of illness and the human condition. Conclusions: We argue that embodied AI is a promising approach across the field of mental health; however, further research is needed to address the broader ethical and societal concerns of these technologies to negotiate best research and medical practices in innovative mental health care. We conclude by indicating areas of future research and developing recommendations for high-priority areas in need of concrete ethical guidance. %M 31094356 %R 10.2196/13216 %U //www.mybigtv.com/2019/5/e13216/ %U https://doi.org/10.2196/13216 %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31094356