%0期刊文章%@ 1438- 8871% I JMIR出版物%V 19卡塔尔世界杯8强波胆分析% N 7% P 244% T研究规模扩大和传播作为社会实践:理论介绍和实证案例研究%A Shaw,James %A Shaw,Sara %A whton,Joseph %A Hughes,Gemma %A Greenhalgh,Trisha %+女子学院医院，卫生系统解决方案和虚拟护理研究所，76格伦维尔街，多伦多，ON, M5S1B2，加拿大，1 +16473828505,jay.shaw@wchospital.ca %K社会学%K医学%K技术创新%K远程医疗%K卫生政策%K mHealth %D 2017 %7 07.07.2017 %9原始论文%J J医学互联网Res %G英语%X背景:卫生和保健技术往往在小规模上取得成功，但未能实现广泛使用(扩大规模)或在其他环境中成为常规做法(推广)。造成这种情况的原因之一是对扩大和传播过程的理论化不足，为此，一种可能富有成效的理论方法是考虑将技术的采用和使用作为社会实践。目的:本研究旨在使用辅助生活的深入案例研究，探索社会实践方法的可行性和有用性，以解释在当地健康和社会护理系统中辅助生活技术的扩大。方法:这是一个针对痴呆症患者实施全球定位系统(GPS)“地理围栏”的个人案例研究，嵌套在一个更广泛的民族志研究项目中，以及在健康和社会护理领域实施技术的组织案例研究(英国共同创造辅助生活解决方案[SCALS]的研究)。分层社会学分析包括关于指标案例的微观层面数据、关于组织的中观层面数据以及关于更广泛的社会、技术、经济和政治背景的宏观层面数据。数据(访谈、民族志笔记和文献)使用结构理论进行分析和综合。结果:社会实践镜头使GPS技术的采用能够在人类行动者在特定的社会情境中发现突出的、有意义的、道德的、法律的、物质上可能的以及专业或文化上合适的背景下进行研究。数据摘录被用来说明三个典型的发现。 First, professional practice is (and probably always will be) oriented not to “implementing technologies” but to providing excellent, ethical care to sick and vulnerable individuals. Second, in order to “work,” health and care technologies rely heavily on human relationships and situated knowledge. Third, such technologies do not just need to be adopted by individuals; they need to be incorporated into personal habits and collaborative routines (both lay and professional). Conclusions: Health and care technologies need to be embedded within sociotechnical networks and made to work through situated knowledge, personal habits, and collaborative routines. A technology that “works” for one individual in a particular set of circumstances is unlikely to work in the same way for another in a different set of circumstances. We recommend the further study of social practices and the application of co-design principles. However, our findings suggest that even if this occurs, the scale-up and spread of many health and care technologies will be neither rapid nor smooth. %M 28687532 %R 10.2196/jmir.7482 %U //www.mybigtv.com/2017/7/e244/ %U https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7482 %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28687532