@文章{信息:doi/10.2196/16656，作者="Yin, Kathleen and Jung, Joshua and Coiera, Enrico and Laranjo, Liliana and Blandford, Ann and Khoja, Adeel and Tai, Wan-Tien and Phillips, Daniel Psillakis and Lau, Annie Y S"，标题="患者工作及其背景:范围回顾"，期刊="J Med Internet Res"，年="2020"，月="Jun"，日="2"，卷="22"，数="6"，页数="e16656"，关键词="自我护理;疾病负担;背景:让患者自我管理自己的健康状况是一个被广泛推广的概念，但许多患者很难有效地实践它。此外，很少有研究分析了患者所需工作的性质，以及这种工作如何适应他们的日常生活。目的:探讨成人病人的病人工作特点。病人工作是指健康状况强加给病人的任务(例如，服药)在一个环境因素系统中。方法:采用叙事综合进行系统的范围回顾。数据提取自PubMed、摘录pta Medica数据库(EMBASE)、护理和相关健康文献累积指数(CINAHL)和PsycINFO，包括2013年8月至2018年8月的研究。纳入的研究集中于成年患者，并评估以下一项或多项:(1)与身体健康相关的任务，(2)与认知健康相关的任务，或(3)影响这些任务的环境因素。任务根据出现的主题进行分类:(1)任务是否总是对其他人可见或可以认知，(2)任务是否必须协同执行或可以单独执行，以及(3)任务是否以创建资源为目的。 Contextual factors were grouped according to the level at which they exert influence (micro, meso, or macro) and where they fit in the patient work system (the macroergonomic layer of physical, social, and organizational factors; the mesoergonomic layer of household and community; and the microergonomic triad of person-task-tools). Results: In total, 67 publications were included, with 58 original research articles and 9 review articles. A variety of patient work tasks were observed, ranging from physical and tangible tasks (such as taking medications and visiting health care professionals) to psychological and social tasks (such as creating coping strategies). Patient work was affected by a range of contextual factors on the micro, meso, or macro levels. Our results indicate that most patient work was done alone, in private, and often imposing cognitive burden with low amounts of support. Conclusions: This review sought to provide insight into the work burden of health management from a patient perspective and how patient context influences such work. For many patients, health-related work is ever present, invisible, and overwhelming. When researchers and clinicians design and implement patient-facing interventions, it is important to understand how the extra work impacts one's internal state and coping strategy, how such work fits into daily routines, and if these changes could be maintained in the long term. ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/16656", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2020/6/e16656", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/16656", url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484449" }