@文章{info:doi/10.2196/13216，作者="Fiske, Amelia and Henningsen, Peter and Buyx, Alena"，标题="你的机器人治疗师将看到你:精神病学、心理学和心理治疗中的嵌入人工智能的伦理含义"，期刊="J Med Internet Res"，年="2019"，月="5"，日="09"，卷="21"，数="5"，页="e13216"，关键词="人工智能;机器人技术;道德规范;精神病学;心理学;心理治疗;背景:嵌入人工智能(AI)的研究在心理健康服务的治疗应用中具有越来越大的临床相关性。从“虚拟心理治疗师”到痴呆症护理和自闭症障碍的社交机器人，再到性障碍的机器人，人工智能虚拟和机器人代理正在越来越多地承担过去只由受过高度训练、熟练的卫生专业人员提供的高水平治疗干预。为了实现负责任的临床实施，需要确定和解决越来越多地在精神卫生领域使用体现人工智能所带来的伦理和社会影响。目的:本文评估了在精神病学、心理学和心理疗法等领域将具体化的AI应用应用到精神卫生保健中的伦理和社会影响。 Building on this analysis, it develops a set of preliminary recommendations on how to address ethical and social challenges in current and future applications of embodied AI. Methods: Based on a thematic literature search and established principles of medical ethics, an analysis of the ethical and social aspects of currently embodied AI applications was conducted across the fields of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy. To enable a comprehensive evaluation, the analysis was structured around the following three steps: assessment of potential benefits; analysis of overarching ethical issues and concerns; discussion of specific ethical and social issues of the interventions. Results: From an ethical perspective, important benefits of embodied AI applications in mental health include new modes of treatment, opportunities to engage hard-to-reach populations, better patient response, and freeing up time for physicians. Overarching ethical issues and concerns include: harm prevention and various questions of data ethics; a lack of guidance on development of AI applications, their clinical integration and training of health professionals; `gaps' in ethical and regulatory frameworks; the potential for misuse including using the technologies to replace established services, thereby potentially exacerbating existing health inequalities. Specific challenges identified and discussed in the application of embodied AI include: matters of risk-assessment, referrals, and supervision; the need to respect and protect patient autonomy; the role of non-human therapy; transparency in the use of algorithms; and specific concerns regarding long-term effects of these applications on understandings of illness and the human condition. Conclusions: We argue that embodied AI is a promising approach across the field of mental health; however, further research is needed to address the broader ethical and societal concerns of these technologies to negotiate best research and medical practices in innovative mental health care. We conclude by indicating areas of future research and developing recommendations for high-priority areas in need of concrete ethical guidance. ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/13216", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2019/5/e13216/", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/13216", url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31094356" }