@文章{信息:doi/10.2196/11990，作者="Chen, Jinying and Lalor, John and Liu, Weisong and Druhl, Emily and Granillo, Edgard and Vimalananda, Varsha G and Yu, Hong"，标题="检测患者安全消息中报告的低血糖事件:使用成本敏感学习和过样本减少数据不平衡"，期刊="J Med Internet Res"，年="2019"，月="Mar"，日="11"，卷="21"，数="3"，页="e11990"，关键词="安全消息;自然语言处理;低血糖症;监督式机器学习;不平衡数据;不良事件检测;背景:胰岛素等药物给药不当可引起低血糖发作，并可能导致严重的疾病甚至死亡。虽然安全消息是为交换非紧急消息而设计的，但患者有时会通过安全消息报告低血糖事件。检测这些患者报告的不良事件可能有助于提醒临床团队，并采取早期纠正措施，以提高患者的安全。目的:我们旨在开发一种名为Hypoglycemia Detector(低血糖检测器)的自然语言处理系统，以自动识别患者安全信息中报告的低血糖事件。 Methods: An expert in public health annotated 3000 secure message threads between patients with diabetes and US Department of Veterans Affairs clinical teams as containing patient-reported hypoglycemia incidents or not. A physician independently annotated 100 threads randomly selected from this dataset to determine interannotator agreement. We used this dataset to develop and evaluate HypoDetect. HypoDetect incorporates 3 machine learning algorithms widely used for text classification: linear support vector machines, random forest, and logistic regression. We explored different learning features, including new knowledge-driven features. Because only 114 (3.80{\%}) messages were annotated as positive, we investigated cost-sensitive learning and oversampling methods to mitigate the challenge of imbalanced data. Results: The interannotator agreement was Cohen kappa=.976. Using cross-validation, logistic regression with cost-sensitive learning achieved the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.954, sensitivity=0.693, specificity 0.974, F1 score=0.590). Cost-sensitive learning and the ensembled synthetic minority oversampling technique improved the sensitivity of the baseline systems substantially (by 0.123 to 0.728 absolute gains). Our results show that a variety of features contributed to the best performance of HypoDetect. Conclusions: Despite the challenge of data imbalance, HypoDetect achieved promising results for the task of detecting hypoglycemia incidents from secure messages. The system has a great potential to facilitate early detection and treatment of hypoglycemia. ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/11990", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2019/3/e11990/", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/11990", url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30855231" }