TY - JOUR AU - Kasting, Monica L AU - Macy, Jonathan T AU - Grannis, Shaun J AU - Wiensch, Ashley J AU - Lavista Ferres, Juan M AU - Dixon, Brian E PY - 2022 DA - 2022/11/14 TI -与接受COVID-19疫苗意愿相关的因素:横断面国家研究JO - JMIR公共卫生监测SP - e37203 VL - 8 IS - 11 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - COVID-19疫苗KW -接种意图KW -疫苗犹豫KW -健康信念模型KW -理性行动方法KW - COVID-19 KW -疫苗接种KW -公共卫生KW -在线调查KW -健康干预KW - logistic回归KW -人口统计学AB -背景:COVID-19大流行是一场前所未有的公共卫生危机，疫苗是预防这一疾病严重后果的最有效手段。在美国，尽管有压倒性的科学证据表明疫苗的安全性和有效性，但成年人对疫苗仍然持犹豫态度。目的:本研究的目的是使用健康信念模型(HBM)和理性行动方法(RAA)，通过比较已经接种过一种疫苗和未接种过一种疫苗的人来检查COVID-19疫苗犹豫。方法:本研究在1643名美国成年人中调查了与疫苗接种和接种意图相关的人口统计学和基于理论的因素，这些成年人在2021年2月和3月期间完成了在线调查。调查项目包括人口统计学变量(如年龄、性别、政治意识形态)、态度和健康信念变量(如感知自我效能感、感知易感性)。分层逻辑回归分析用于疫苗摄取/意图。第一个模型包括人口统计变量。第二个模型增加了基于理论的因素，以检查健康信念和疫苗摄取的关系，超出了仅由人口统计学特征解释的关系。 Results: The majority of participants were male (n=974, 59.3%), White (n=1347, 82.0%), and non-Hispanic (n=1518, 92.4%) and reported they had already received a COVID-19 vaccine or definitely would when it was available to them (n=1306, 79.5%). Demographic variables significantly associated with vaccine uptake/intent included age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), other race (AOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.83 vs White), and political ideology (AOR 15.77, 95% CI 7.03-35.35 very liberal vs very conservative). The theory-based factors most strongly associated with uptake/intention were attitudes (AOR 3.72, 95% CI 2.42-5.73), self-efficacy (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.34-2.29), and concerns about side effects (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.76). Although race and political ideology were significant in the model of demographic characteristics, they were not significant when controlling for attitudes and beliefs. Conclusions: Vaccination represents one of the best tools to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other possible pandemics in the future. This study showed that older age, attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy are positively associated with vaccine uptake and intent, whereas perceived side effects and lack of trust in the vaccine are associated with lower uptake and intent. Race and political ideology were not significant predictors when attitudes and beliefs were considered. Before vaccine hesitancy can be addressed, researchers and clinicians must understand the basis of vaccine hesitancy and which populations may show higher hesitancy to the vaccination so that interventions can be adequately targeted. SN - 2369-2960 UR - https://publichealth.www.mybigtv.com/2022/11/e37203 UR - https://doi.org/10.2196/37203 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219842 DO - 10.2196/37203 ID - info:doi/10.2196/37203 ER -